- Lack of exposure to residential projects has helped
- Both struggled during the pandemic but have shored up their balance sheets
More construction companies went bust last year than in any other sector for the third year running, but most of the major listed contractors continue to thrive.
Some 4,370 construction companies entered an insolvency process in the year ended November 2023, equating to 17 per cent of all UK corporate insolvencies, according to an analysis of Insolvency Service data by accountancy firm Mazars. “There are now on average a dozen building companies going under every single day in the UK,” said Mark Boughey, a restructuring services partner at the firm. Small and medium-sized contractors said workloads declined by 15 per cent last year and almost half reported a fall in new enquiries, the Federation of Master Builders said.
However, contractors at the top end of the sector are flourishing, though, with most listed operators recording share price gains that comfortably outperformed the market.
Kier’s (KIE) shares are up 82 per cent over the past 12 months. Shares in Costain (COST) are up 55 per cent, Galliford Try (GFRD) 47 per cent and Morgan Sindall (MGNS) 31 per cent. Only Balfour Beatty (BBY) has been a laggard, with its shares trading 8 per cent lower. Jefferies analysts highlighted investor concerns about a slowing US construction market and cancellations to future work from HS2 as factors for this.
In general, listed contractors’ lack of exposure to the UK’s moribund residential new-build market has been a bonus. Output in private housing shrank by 19 per cent last year and is set to contract by a further 4 per cent this year, according to the Construction Products Association.
Over the past decade, the likes of Kier, Costain and Balfour Beatty have switched their domestic focus much more towards delivering large infrastructure projects. The high-profile failure of Carillion in 2018 and Interserve a year later means this is a less crowded field and contract terms for this work are more industry-friendly. It is typically done on a ‘cost-plus’ or target cost basis, meaning contractors no longer face the prospect of heavy losses on fixed-price, multi-year projects if materials or labour prices jump higher.
“You’ve got arguably less of the more ill-disciplined players left because the likes of Carillion have gone bust and the ones that remain are just managing that whole risk, contract appraisal and bidding process a lot better,” said Aynsley Lammin, an analyst at Investec.
According to Balfour Beatty’s most recent annual report, only 10 per cent of UK construction work is carried out under a fixed-price contract, compared with 50 per cent in 2018.
This isn’t a luxury afforded to smaller firms, and in many cases risk is “passed down the supply chain”, Boughey said, with tier two and tier three suppliers often tied into fixed-price contracts.
“They don’t seem to have much bargaining power with the main contractors,” he said.
Firm foundations
The other major factor behind listed contractors’ rerating has been balance sheet strengthening.
Kier had been in a precarious position even before the pandemic and undertook two rights issues between 2018-2021, raising over £500mn and offloading non-core businesses in a bid to stay afloat.
Shareholders understandably took flight, and it’s taken a couple of years of significantly improved trading and debt reduction to tempt them back. Average month-end net debt fell from £582mn in 2021 to £232mn last year and last week the company announced plans to refinance its remaining debt through a £250mn bond issue. The five-year notes offered an interest rate of 9 per cent and attracted a BB+ rating from Fitch. The ratings agency said that 60 per cent of Kier’s contracts have pass-through clauses, allowing for costs to be recouped.
Costain also had to complete a £100mn rights issue at the height of the pandemic in March 2020 at a time when its revenue and profits were plummeting. It has also had to rebuild trust – when we featured the company in our ideas section in September 2022 its shares were so lowly rated that the company was only valued at around half of its net assets. Even after their recent upgrade, they are valued at just six times forecasted earnings.
Lammin said Costain has made “good progress” on improving profitability, with the company’s adjusted operating margin edging up to 2.3 per cent at the half-year and a roadmap in place to bump this up above 5 per cent.
“If you believe in the sustainability of those structurally higher margins as they deliver them and a less risky balance sheet, then [Costain] looks very, very cheap,” he said. [But] they’ve got to convince the market the improvements they’re making are sustainable.”
The government’s Infrastructure and Projects Authority (IPA) updated its project pipeline last week and acknowledged that a 40 per cent increase in construction prices since January 2020 meant project owners had been forced to “reset expected outputs to remain within approved budgets”.
However, the IPA said there were still £164bn of investments planned by the end of the next fiscal year, adding that £700bn-£775bn of work needs to be done over the next decade. Whether all of this gets commissioned (or how quickly) will play a big part in listed contractors’ fortunes in the coming years.
